Tirzepatide
What it is Tirzepatide is a synthetic peptide combining GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonism in a single molecule. FDA- and EMA-approved (Mounjaro, Zepbound) for T2D and chronic weight management. Evidence snapshot Category: Metabolic. Status: Human Trials. See the references section below for the underlying primary sources. Mechanism Activates both GIP and GLP-1 receptors, producing enhanced […]
Thymosin Alpha-1
What it is Tα1 (Zadaxin in clinical use in some jurisdictions) is a synthetic 28-amino-acid peptide originally characterised from thymus extracts. Approved in several countries for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and as an immune adjunct in oncology. Evidence snapshot Category: Immunity. Status: Mixed. See the references section below for the underlying primary sources. Mechanism Modulates […]
Tesamorelin
What it is Tesamorelin is a synthetic 44-amino-acid GHRH analogue modified for stability. FDA-approved (2010) for reduction of visceral adipose tissue in HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Evidence snapshot Category: Growth Hormone. Status: Human Trials. See the references section below for the underlying primary sources. Mechanism Binds the GHRH receptor, stimulating endogenous GH release and downstream IGF-1 elevation. […]
TB-500
What it is TB-500 is the laboratory name for a synthetic fragment of Thymosin Beta-4 (Tβ4), specifically the central actin-binding domain comprising amino acids 17–23 of the parent 43-residue protein. Evidence snapshot Category: Tissue Repair. Status: Preclinical. See the references section below for the underlying primary sources. Mechanism TB-500 / Tβ4 sequesters G-actin (monomeric globular […]
SS-31
What it is Elamipretide is a synthetic aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide that concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane through interaction with cardiolipin. Evidence snapshot Category: Mitochondrial. Status: Mixed. See the references section below for the underlying primary sources. Mechanism Binds cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilising its structure and improving electron transport chain efficiency. Reduces reactive […]
Semax
What it is Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide analogue of ACTH(4-7) developed at the Institute of Molecular Genetics (Russian Academy of Sciences) and approved in Russia. Evidence snapshot Category: Cognition. Status: Preclinical. See the references section below for the underlying primary sources. Mechanism Modulates expression of BDNF and NGF in the hippocampus and cortex. The […]
Semaglutide
What it is Semaglutide is a synthetic GLP-1 receptor agonist modified to resist DPP-IV degradation and albumin-bound for extended half-life. Approved for T2D, chronic weight management, and cardiovascular risk reduction. Evidence snapshot Category: Metabolic. Status: Human Trials. See the references section below for the underlying primary sources. Mechanism Binds the GLP-1 receptor on pancreatic beta […]
Selank
What it is Selank is a synthetic heptapeptide based on tuftsin with a C-terminal extension. Developed at the Institute of Molecular Genetics (Russian Academy of Sciences). Evidence snapshot Category: Cognition. Status: Preclinical. See the references section below for the underlying primary sources. Mechanism Modulates serotonergic and BDNF expression. Also affects GABAergic signalling. Anxiolytic effects attributed […]
Retatrutide
What it is Retatrutide is a synthetic peptide combining GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonism in a single molecule. Developed by Eli Lilly. Evidence snapshot Category: Metabolic. Status: Human Trials. See the references section below for the underlying primary sources. Mechanism Activates GIP and GLP-1 receptors (reducing appetite) and the glucagon receptor (increasing energy expenditure). […]
Rapamycin
What it is Rapamycin is a macrolide compound originally isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. FDA-approved as an immunosuppressant (sirolimus) and in several other medical applications. Evidence snapshot Category: Longevity. Status: Mixed. See the references section below for the underlying primary sources. Mechanism Inhibits mTOR complex 1, producing autophagy activation, protein translation changes, and immunomodulation. Key research […]