What it is
Semaglutide is a synthetic GLP-1 receptor agonist modified to resist DPP-IV degradation and albumin-bound for extended half-life. Approved for T2D, chronic weight management, and cardiovascular risk reduction.
Evidence snapshot
Category: Metabolic. Status: Human Trials. See the references section below for the underlying primary sources.
Mechanism
Binds the GLP-1 receptor on pancreatic beta cells and in the hypothalamus, increasing glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon release, slowing gastric emptying, and reducing appetite.
Key research findings
Across the SUSTAIN, STEP, and SELECT programs, semaglutide has demonstrated reductions in HbA1c in T2D, body weight in obesity, and major adverse cardiovascular events in high-risk populations.
Limits of the evidence
Adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, and other GI symptoms. Long-term safety beyond ~5 years of follow-up is still being characterised. Cost and access remain significant real-world issues.