What it is
GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide first isolated from human plasma. Its plasma concentration declines with age, which prompted interest in supplementation.
Evidence snapshot
Category: Tissue Repair. Status: Mixed. See the references section below for the underlying primary sources.
Mechanism
Modulates expression of over 100 human genes (in published microarray studies), upregulating collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis while modulating inflammatory and apoptotic pathways.
Key research findings
In cell culture, animal models, and limited human studies, GHK-Cu has been reported to improve dermal collagen density, accelerate wound healing, modulate inflammatory cytokines, and stimulate hair follicle growth.
Limits of the evidence
Most published work is in cell culture or rodent skin models. Topical penetration of GHK-Cu in human skin is debated. Long-term safety of systemic administration is not well characterised.